Unified Modelling Language - Campus Housing Service Assignment

Unified Modelling Language - Campus Housing Service Assignment Unified Modelling Language - Campus Housing Service â€" Assignment Example > E- Usability of different diagrams in the systems analysis and design phase17A- Use Case Diagram A use case diagram demonstrates the overall behavior or working of a system against any external response/input. Additionally, it encompasses the details regarding overall system working and operations. It helps system programmers to better understand the major aspects of a system (Dennis et al. , 2008; Pressman, 2001; Sommerville, 2004). In this scenario, the use case for Campus Housing Service system will hold details regarding overall possible system working and operational aspects. I have given below five main and possible system working aspects those are: Owner RegistrationApartments RegistrationStudent RegistrationRent Apartment Delete Apartment Listing NoUse CaseDescriptionStockholders01Owner RegistrationThis use case is about the new registration of the owner. Owners, Administrator02Apartments RegistrationThis use case is about the registration of the vacant apartment. Owners, A dministrator03Student RegistrationThis use case is about the registration of the new student requiring the apartment for rent. Students, Administrator04Rent ApartmentThis use case demonstrates the overall process of taking apartment on rent. Students, Administrator05Delete Apartment ListingThis use case demonstrates the process of deleting the apartment’s data from listing in case of its reservation. This will be done on the request of owner. Owners, AdministratorMain Use Case Diagram B- Class Diagram A system class diagram is used to demonstrate the working of a system at implementation level. Additionally, a system class diagram is an object oriented model for demonstrating the system working. This is very helpful to the system developers for understanding the system working and operational status. This diagram can be used to define the main system operations and processes for the possible working of system. In addition, in this diagram we define the system classes and objects that are necessary for the system operations and working (Dennis et al. , 2008; Pressman, 2001; Sommerville, 2004). The class diagram of the Campus Housing Service is drawn below that demonstrate the overall working and operational status of the system. This diagram encompasses five main classes that are outlined below: Owner StudentApartment Rent Registration FeeThe main advantage of the class diagram is that it enables to the system designers to define the system in a much better way so that the developer of the system could be able to perceive a high level idea of the system classes and objects as well as their possible mutual relationship. In this way, a class diagram is considered as a high level platform for system design and development that can enhance the overall system design efficacy and operational capability through elimination of the system issues and problem before implementation stage (Dennis et al. , 2008; Pressman, 2001; Sommerville, 2004). Campus Housing Servic e Class Diagram C- Sequence Diagrams Sequence Diagram 1Sequence Diagram 2D- Use Case Description Use Case 1Use Case Description UC 1 â€" Owner RegistrationPrimary ActorApartment Owner Business Management Description This use case is about the overall process description of new apartment owner. In this scenario a new owner will register at the website by providing their personal and other related information. Stakeholders and InterestsThis use is about the registration of apartment owner. In this scenario the main interest of owner is to create an account that can offer capability of promotion and reservation of his apartments. This is also mainly helpful for student for taking the apartment near the university locations. Pre-conditionsOwner needs to open the main registration panel of the online Campus housing service System. Post-conditionsOwner needs to provide correct information. In case of online registration process he needs to offer details in a proper way, so that student could contact the owner in case of reservation of the apartment. Here owner also needs to fill the form in a right way; otherwise the system will prompt an error message for correction of details. Main Success ScenarioIn case of online registration of owner, following steps will be taken for the effective management and handling of the overall process: Online Account CreationIn this step the user will enter his details into the system and create an account that will offer registration of owner username and password. Filling Personal Information FormIn the owner registration process the owner will fill out the main registration form for the possible registration and management of his account. Here he will enter his contact details and personal data, so those students could contact him. Paying FeeAt this stage of registration process the owner will pay a specified registration fee that will ensure the successful registration and completion of owner’s online registration process. G etting Registration Conformation After the business management confirmation a detailed confirmation message will be sent to owner. This confirmation message will denote the successful completion of registration and creation of an online account. Creating Available Apartment List Here after account registration an owner is able to create possible free listing of apartments he is possessing. He will create these listing for the possible apartment’s further handling. Use Case 2Description UC 2 â€" Apartment RegistrationPrimary ActorApartment Owner Business Management Description This use case is about the overall process of registration for the owner’s apartment. In this scenario the owner of the apartment will register for his free and available apartment so that he could be able to launch it for rent. Stakeholders and InterestsThis use case involves the interest of both student and owner. Here the advertisement of the apartment will offer the opportunity to the student for renti ng the apartment and owner will also be able to reserve it. The online apartment registration is same as the advertisement of the apartment, so that we need to register the apartment information is great deal of better way. Pre-conditionsThe owner of apartment needs to open the online system for the registration of the apartment. Here he needs to press the submit key after entering the entire details of the apartment. Post-conditionsHere information entered into the system needs to be purified so that system does not prompt any error for the user. Main Success ScenarioIn case of online apartment registration scenario we will follow the below given main scenario: Creating Free Apartment ListingOwner will open new free apartment listing for the students. Entering Apartment Location Details Here owner will enter the address of the apartment for the overall registration of the location of apartment. Entering Apartment Location Details This will involve the entire details of apartment locality and details about the apartment areas. Entering Rental and Advance Information This step will involve the details regarding the apartment like baths, rooms and other information. Opening for RentThis section of the overall process will involve the process of opening the free apartment for student and common people search for taking it on rent. E- Usability of different diagrams in the systems analysis and design phaseEffective and easy to use system interfaces are developed due to the collaboration of two computer technology disciplines, which are software engineering and human computer interaction (or simply HCI). Additionally, both of these disciplines offers the ideas, methods, tools and notations for building, outlining and assessing the particular objects; however they both emerged from two dissimilar views on user interfaces. In this scenario, the user-oriented analysis pays more attention on the users’ jobs as well as the required communications with the system to accomplish system development objectives, since the system-oriented vision describes how the software is to be built and executed. In addition, the system design processes for these frequently take place in parallel; there are two dissimilar design spaces, and dissimilar design communities, that unavoidably join each other in the user interface (Dennis et al. , 2008; Rourke, 2002; Dix et al. , 2003).

Ancient Art Free Essays

Panel of Lions- Chauvet Caves Queen Nefertari Art history is a record of how people in the past lived, felt, and acted; it allows us a glimpse of a long ago deceased culture. To look at Ancient Greek art is to realize the importance and accomplishments of human beings. Though the Greeks used art to honor the Gods, it was those same Gods that were created in human image. We will write a custom essay sample on Ancient Art or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even their sculpture, pottery, and temples, were created under the fundamental principle of ar ©te, meaning to reach one’s fullest potential. Without Rome’s influence, we would not have concrete or the Pantheon, which is still in use today. While more secular and utilitarian in form, the Romans developed the use of the arch, the vault, and the dome, leading for a much grander form of architecture. From the Greeks example, the Romans developed mosaic decorations, which became a very important aspect of patrician domestic decoration. The Paleolithic Period is referred to as the Stone Age, mainly because stone artifacts are the only artifacts that have survived. In Paleolithic paintings, the images of humans rarely appear and when they do they are more simplified and abstract than the images of animals, which portray an expressive naturalism. Discovered by three cave explorers in 1994, the Chauvet Caves, located in the Ardeche region of Southern France date back to around 30,000 BC. The most famous cave findings in the world, this Pont d’ Arc find holds the oldest known paintings. Painted in charcoal and earthen pigments, lifelike images of horses, rhinoceroses, tigers, and other animals that long ago became extinct show us what life was like for our ancestors. It has long been the belief of scholars that the purpose behind this naturalistic art was to bring the spirit of the animals into the rituals of the hunt. It is believed that he Chauvet Caves were used as a sanctuary where the Paleolithic people initiated their youth in ceremonies. This theory is based on both symbolic and metaphysical associations with the animals portrayed in these ancient cave paintings. The Chauvet Cave features a coveted scene of a pride of lions hunting together for bison; as this was a permanent place of inhabitation for man, this art represents a level of development for mankind. Chauvet Caves is divided into two parts. While the first part is mainly red images with some black imagery, the second part is mainly black images of animals. Along with the pride of lions is a painting of three horses More than 60% of the animals identified at Chauvet-Pont-d’-Arc were considered dangerous mammoth animals. These animals represent the animals that primitive man hunted at the time. It is surprising the amount of shading and perspective that went into the creation of these cave creations. These refinements contrast greatly with the images we are used to seeing. Egypt, known for such mesmerizing works as The Great Pyramids, had deserts on both sides of the Nile. Because of this, Egypt remained relatively unscathed from utside influence for 2,500 years, leading to their own distinctive style of architecture, painting, and sculpture. While their religious belief focused largely on life after death, care and preservation of the body was essential for extending life beyond the grave. â€Å"Upon death, bodies of royalty and nobility were embalmed; together with accompanying artifacts, tools, and furniture, they were then buried in pyramids or in hidden underground tombs. Architects put great effort into funerary structures. As a result, most of what we know about ancient Egypt comes from such tombs†. Frank, 2010). Nefertari’s tomb is considered to be one of the best preserved, most eloquent paintings of any Egyptian burial site. Discovered in 1904 by archaeologist Ernesto Schiaparelli, he spent two years excavating both this site and other sites around the Valley of the Queens with limited success. Humanity and humidity, mixed with landslides and salt deposits, had left the tomb in deplorable condition. In 1986, the Ministry of Culture and the Egyptian Antiquities Organization in Cooperation with Getty Conservation Institute were determined to complete restore Queen Nefertari’s tomb. Queen Nefertari was believed to be King Ramesses II’s favorite wife, and as such, he commissioned a beautifully painted tomb in a small rock-cut temple for her to be placed next to his own. It was located in the Valley of the Queens, which is located in Thebes. Reigning during the 19th Egyptian Dynasty, the queen’s tomb consisted of several rooms and hallways with paintings of Queen Nefertari in various positions doing many different things. At the entrance is a depiction of a sun between Isis and Nephythys, which leads into an offering hall, with several paintings that show the Queen in worship and offering items to different Gods. How to cite Ancient Art, Papers

Rice Hulls Absorbing Capacity Essay Sample free essay sample

Rice hulls ( or rice chaffs ) are the difficult protecting coverings of grains of rice. In add-on to protecting rice during the turning season. rice hulls can be put to utilize as edifice stuff. fertiliser. insularity stuff. or fuel. ProductionRice hulls are the coating for the seeds. or grains. of the rice works. To protect the seed during the turning season. the hull signifiers from difficult stuffs. including iridescent silicon oxide and lignin. The hull is largely indigestible to worlds. One pattern. started in the 17th century. to divide the rice from hulls. it to set the whole rice into a pan and throw it into the air while the air current blows. The hulls are blown off while the rice fell back into the pan. This happens because the hull isn’t about every bit dense as the rice. These stairss are known as sifting. Later stamps and a simple machine called a rice pounder were developed to take hulls. We will write a custom essay sample on Rice Hulls Absorbing Capacity Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In 1885 the modern rice hulling machine was invented in Brazil. During the milling processes. the hulls are removed from the natural grain to uncover whole brown rice. which may so sometimes be milled farther to take the bran bed. ensuing in white rice. UseA figure of rice-producing states. ( e. g. Thailand ) . are presently carry oning research on industrial utilizations of rice hulls. Some of the current and possible applications are listed below. BrewingRice hulls can be used in brewing beer to increase the lautering ability of a mash. Constructing stuffRice hulls are a category A insulating stuff because they are hard to fire and less likely to let wet to propagate cast or Fungi. It has been found out that when burned. rice hull produces important sums of silicon oxide. For these grounds it provides first-class thermic insularity. FertilizerRice hulls are organic stuff and can be composted. However. their high lignin content can do this a slow procedure. Sometimes angleworms are used to speed up the procedure. Using vermicompostingtechniques. the hulls can be converted to fertilizer in approximately four months. FireworksRice hulls are coated with powdered gunpowder and used as the chief bursting charge in aerial pyrotechnics shells. FuelWith proper techniques. rice hulls can be burned and used to power steam engines. Some rice Millss originally disposed of hulls in this manner. [ commendation needed ] However the direct burning of rice hulls tends to bring forth a batch of fume. A far better alternate is to vaporize rice hulls. Rice hulls are easy gasified in top-lit updraft gasifiers. The burning of this rice hull gas produces a beautiful bluish fire. and rice hullbiochar makes a fantastic dirt amendment. [ 3 ] Juice extractionRice hulls are used as a â€Å"press aid† to better extraction efficiency of apple pressure. [ 4 ] Pet nutrient fibreRice hulls are the outermost covering of the rice and come as organic rice hulls and natural rice hulls. Rice hulls are an cheap by-product of human nutrient processing. functioning as a beginning of fibre that is considered a filler ingredient in inexpensive pet nutrients. [ 5 ] Pillow dressingRice hulls are used as pillow dressing. The pillows are slackly stuffed and considered curative as they retain the form of the caput. Rice chaff ashThe ash produced after the chaffs have been burned is high in silicon oxide. A figure of possible utilizations are being investigated for this. These utilizations include * sums and fillers for concrete and board production. * economical replacement for microsilica / silicon oxide exhausts * absorbents for oils and chemicals* dirt ameliorants* as a beginning of Si* as insularity pulverization in steel Millss* as repellants in the signifier of â€Å"vinegar-tar†* as a release agent in the ceramics industry* as an insularity stuff for places and refrigerants* in Kerala. India- Rice chaffs ( Umikari- in Malayalam ) was universally used for over centuries in cleaning dentitions – before toothpaste replaced it. Mentions 1. ^ S. Chiarakorn et Al. â€Å"Influence of functional silanes on hydrophobicity of MCM-41 synthesized from rice husk† Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 8 ( 2007 ) 110 free download 2. ^ J. Chumee et Al. â€Å"Characterization of platinum–iron accelerators supported on MCM-41 synthesized with rice chaff silicon oxide and their public presentation for phenol hydroxylation† Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 9 ( 2008 ) 015006 free download 3. ^ See: hypertext transfer protocol: //esrla. com/pdf/landfill_06. pdf 4. ^ Press AIDSs5. ^ hypertext transfer protocol: //www. dogfoodproject. com/index. php? page=badingredients 6. ^ hypertext transfer protocol: //www. Ms ornl. gov/researchgroups/process/cpg/sic. htm Carbonized Rice Hull Has Important UsesRice hull â€Å"ipa† used to be a large job of ricemillers. particularly in large rice bring forthing countries such as Nueva Ecija and other Central Luzonstates. It was normally considered a waste merchandise that had to be thrown off. Therefore. we used to see large hemorrhoids of rice chaff along the main road. There have been really limited utilizations for rice hull in the yesteryear. Today. rice chaff is going progressively utile as new utilizations are being popularized. One merchandise that is going progressively popular is the carbonized rice hull. CRH for short. To bring forth CRH. natural rice hull is burned without air so that it will non turn into ash. CRH is unfertile and is free from disease beings. And that is the ground why Dr. Rene Sumaoang. a microbiologist. has been advancing CRH as an ideal litter for dwelling biddies. There are a figure of benefits from utilizing CRH for dwelling biddies alternatively of the usual na tural rice hull. Bing unfertile. CRH minimizes disease taint. CRH readily absorbs the wet in the manure so the litter does non acquire moist and non attractive to flies. When the litter is treated with an enzyme ( Biosec ) formulated by Dr. Sumaoang. the usual olfactory property from the manure is eliminated. At the same clip. the enzymes break down the foods found in the manure so that when incubation is over. the litter would hold become an organic fertiliser that is ready to utilize on harvests. Dr. Sumaoang explains that Biosec is a combination of unrecorded but immobilized good micro-organisms and digestive enzymes. Once applied the good micro-organisms multiply really quickly. suppressing the growing of disease-causing beings like E. coli. salmonella and others. The enzymes. on the other manus. interrupt down the nutrient foods in the manure into simpler signifiers that could be readily absorbed by workss. Dr. Sumaoang observes that biddies grown on CRH litter grow faster and are more unvarying in size. They are healthier because CRH does non let the proliferation of harmful beings that frequently cause respiratory diseases and diarrhoea. At th e Philippine Rice Research Institute ( PhilRice ) in Nueva Ecija. there’s a show window of a sty where carbonized rice hull. about one pes deep. serves as shocking alternatively of the usual cement floor. The sty does non hold to be washed with H2O everyday. In fact. it does non acquire washed for the full turning period of four months. The manure and piss of the hogs get buried in the carbonized rice hull. The usual foul odor is practically eliminated. And when the hogs attain market size and are sold. the litter is collected and used as organic fertiliser for veggies. rice and other harvests. CRH is besides really utile in rice agriculture. Twenty bags of CRH combined with organic fertiliser or compost may be applied in one hectare. It could be plowed in during land readying. This will do the land non merely more porous for better works growing. it will besides enable the dirt to retain the wet much longer. Therefore. when there is a drawn-out prohibitionist enchantment. the rice workss will be able to last the rainless period longer. Rice grown in Fieldss enriched with CRH besides produce more profuse tillers. This will intend higher output because there are more roots that will be ar fruit. CRH is besides utile in seedbeds for bring forthing rice seedlings. Seedlings grown in beds of CRH are much easier to draw out come transplanting clip. The roots don’t acquire damaged. hence the seedlings get established in the field more readily. CRH can besides be really utile in turning high-value veggies. including those grown in containers. Combined with compost or surface soil. the ensuing turning medium is ideal for bring forthing healthy harvests. Radish grown in containers by Dr. Sumaoang’s company produced ample roots. The cosmetic gardening industry could besides profit a batch from the usage of CRH. Being unfertile. the usage of CRH will minimise fungous infection in assorted cosmetic workss. CRH could be combined with compost for shooting expensive seeds. It will besides do an ideal stuff for bring forthing potted ornamentals. Farmers themselves can easy bring forth CRH for their ain usage or for sale. The equipment can be fabricated by them. dwelling of a halved steel membranophone with holes on the side. and a four-foot steel pipe that will function as chimney. The half membranophone is turned upside down and the chimney is attached in the center of the upper terminal. A few beds of hollow blocks could be installed several pess around the half membranophone that will incorporate the natural rice hull to be made into CRH. With a few pieces of dry wood. fire is started inside the membranophone. When the fire is stabilized and the pieces of wood are firing. natural rice hull is placed inside the membranophone and so a large heap is placed all around and manner above the membranophone. The fire inside the membranophone will bit by bit fire the natural rice hull. When combustion has reached the top of the heap. H2O is sprinkled to halt the combustion so that the burned rice hull will non turn into ash. Ash is non good for integrating in the planting medium because it will act like cement. It will non do the dirt porous. Bettering water-use efficiency of agricultural dirts. peculiarly those in PE movie houses where H2O is cherished. is an of import concern in Korea. Hence. the usage of rice hulls to better water-use efficiency and the physical belongingss of nursery dirts was investigated. However. the dirt physical belongingss. peculiarly the H2O saving capacity of nursery dirts. hardly improved with the usage of rice hull fundamentally because it is hydrophobic and disintegrates easy in dirts due to its surface wax bed. Therefore. the rice hulls needed to be puffed to go hydrophilic. Puffed rice hulls was studied as a replacement for rice hulls and were found to hold good effects on dirt H2O preservation and physico-chemical belongingss ( Fig. 1 and Table 1 ) . Preparation of Puffed Rice Hull and Its Features Puffed rice hull is a hydrophilic stuff made from hydrophobic rice hulls. It can be produced under high temperature and force per unit area by the mechanical processing of oppressing rice hulls through a narrow infinite between particular compound metal lodging and oppressing balls. In the procedure. the surface wax bed of rice hull is destroyed and its texture becomes similar to that of sawdust. Puffed rice hull can absorb H2O over six times of its weight. and precipitate instantly in the H2O due to its broken wax bed and enlarged surface country. It can besides work efficaciously as a dirt betterment agent with its high content of organic affair ( about 46 % ) and C/N ratio ( about 100 ) . Advantages of Puffed Rice Hull Use Precisely controlled trickle irrigation system ( Fig. 2 ) . which started at -33kPa and was adjusted to -10kPa of dirt H2O potency for boodle cultivations. was adopted for the experiment carried out on a flaxen loam dirt in a PE movie house to happen out the application consequence of 5 mgA ·ha-1 of puffed rice hull. The effects of puffed rice hull on dirt H2O saving and dirt physico-chemical belongingss were as follows: * Irrigation H2O was saved by 17 % with puffed rice hull. The H2O demand of the control secret plan was 1. 800 MTA ·ha-1. while that of puffed rice hull secret plan was 1. 500 MTA ·ha-1 for boodle cultivation due to the high H2O absorbing and keeping capacity of bulked rice hull. * The formation of dirt sums with puffed rice hull increased from 8. 3 % ( control ) to 14. 1 % . and the dirt pore stage from 55 % ( control ) to 56 % . giving more infinite for dirt H2O saving. The consequences seem to be from the consequence of enhanced microbic activity by puffed rice hull supplying the energy and C for dirt micro-organisms. In add-on to the above direct consequence. the application of puffed rice hull showed other good effects on dirts: * The usage of puffed rice hull softened the dirt. Soil hardness was measured from 6. 4 kgA ·cm-2 for the control to 3. 6 kgA ·cm-2 with puffed rice hull. supplying a better status for root growing. * It besides improved dirt buffering capacity. particularly in salt accumulated dirt by inordinate fertilisation. The dirt EC dropped to 2. 9 dS/m-1 with puffed rice hull from 3. 8 dS/m-1 for the control. Precautions Farmers must be cognizant that the high H2O keeping capacity of puffed rice hull is sometimes harmful for harvests that require little sum of H2O. The application rate of puffed rice hull and H2O irrigation should be adjusted based on the works demands. Nitrogen lack can happen by the high C/N ratio of rice hulls.

Economic Characteristics of the Age of Royal Absolutism essays

Economic Characteristics of the Age of Royal Absolutism essays During the era known as the Age of Royal Absolutism, many European countries began to look more outside of the realm of their own country. They turned to imperialism in order to gain wealth and power. England, the Dutch Netherlands, France, and Spain competed in North America, Africa, India, and many other areas for supremacy. At times, desire for overseas possession and commerce became so extreme that struggles and disagreements arose between the separate parties. Englands journey into imperialism began on a rough note. Three attempted settlements at Roanoke Island in North America failed due to starvation and disease. In 1607 the British established the first permanent English colony at Jamestown. Within months of their arrival, more than one half of the colonists had died from these same factors; however, the growing of tobacco began to give the colony prosperity. Virginia became Englands first crown colony in 1624, so the king assigned a governor and council to the area. The tobacco industry, which was still growing, caused a need of slavery. This need for slavery is a very important aspect in this battle for overseas commerce. It led to colonization in a totally different area of the world. Africa was another area that held desirable resources for the British; however, they did not become involved until they saw the success the Dutch had had. Their first settlements came in 1700. The main interest in Africa for England was slave trade. The rapidly growing tobacco industry required the acquisition of more slaves at a cheap price, and Africa was able to provide them with what they were in search of. In order to procure these slaves, English colonists took over forts that had previously been owned by Portugal and transposed them into trade stations. Africa was not the only area that the British hesitatingly decide to enter. England constructed colonies in India but only after learning from othe...

Great Horned Owls Facts

Great Horned Owls Facts Great horned owls (Bubo virginianus) are a large species of true owls that inhabit many parts of North and South America. These nocturnal avian hunters take a wide range of prey including mammals, other birds, reptiles, and amphibians. Fast Facts: Great Horned Owls Scientific Name: Bubo virginianusCommon Name(s): Great horned owl, hoot owlBasic Animal Group: BirdSize: 17–25 inches tall; wingspan to five feetWeight: 3.2 poundsLifespan: 13 yearsDiet: CarnivoreHabitat: Boreal forests of North and South AmericaPopulation: Unknown, stable over the last 40 years in North AmericaConservation Status: Least Concern Description Great horned owls were first described in 1788 by Johann Friedrich Gmelin, a German naturalist who published the 13th edition of Systema Naturae by Carolus Linnaeus. That edition included a description of the great horned owl and gave it the scientific name Bubo virginianus because the species was first observed in the Virginia colonies. Sometimes called hoot owls, great horned owls range in length from 17 to 25 inches, have a wingspan of up to five feet, and an average weight of 3.2 pounds. They are the second heaviest owl in North America (after the Snowy Owl), and they are powerful hunters that can grip and crush a full-grown rabbit: their talons form an oval between 4–8 inches in diameter. Theres a good chance that youve heard the hoo-hoo-hoo call of the great horned owl if youve spent any time in the woods at night; young great horned owls will hiss or screech, especially when disturbed or frightened. Characteristics vital for their hunting success include large eyes, excellent hearing, and silent flight. Their eyes are adapted for night vision but are relatively immobile, directed forward. To compensate, their cervical vertebrae are quite flexible, allowing owls to turn their head over 180 degrees. Great horned owls have prominent ear tufts atop their head, one of several owl species that possess ear tufts. Scientists disagree as to the function of these ear tufts: Some suggest that the ear tufts serve as camouflage by breaking the contour of the owls head, while others suggest that the tufts serve some role in communication or recognition, enabling the owls to convey some kind of signals to one another. Experts agree though, that the ear tufts play no role in hearing. Because they remain largely inactive during the day, great horned owls are cryptically colored- that is, their coloration is patchy so that they can blend with their surroundings while they rest. They have a rust-brown colored facial disk and white feathers on their chin and throat. Their body is a mottled grey and brown color above and barred on the belly. NNehring / Getty Images Habitat and Distribution Great horned owls occupy the most extensive range of any owl species, including most boreal forests of North and South America, from Alaska and Canada, southward throughout the United States and Mexico, into Northern parts of South America and throughout Patagonia. Since they find hunting is somewhat difficult in thick forests and underbrush, owls prefer habitats with open clearings near secondary-growth woodlands and tree-edged meadows and swaths. They also adapt well to human-modified environments, agricultural fields and suburban areas where there are places to perch and open fields to hunt in. Diet and Behavior Great horned owls are carnivores who eat a very wide range of prey. Like all owls, these fascinating carnivores eat their prey whole and then regurgitate pellets containing fur and crushed bones. Usually active at night, they are also sometimes spotted during the late afternoon or during the hours around dawn. These unique and beautiful birds prefer to eat rabbits and hares but will settle for any small mammal, bird, reptile, or amphibian that comes within its reach. They are the only animal that feeds on skunks; they also hunt birds such as American crows, peregrine falcon nestlings, and osprey nestlings. They require an average of 2–4 ounces of meat per day; larger animals are killed and may be fed on for several days. Reproduction and Offspring Great horned owls nest during the months of January and February. During mating season, male and female great horned owls hoot back and forth to each other in a duet. Their mating rituals also include bowing to each other and rubbing bills. When ready to nest, they do not build their own nest but instead seek out existing sites such as the nests of other birds, squirrel nests, tree holes, crevices in rocks and nooks in buildings. Some great horned owls mate for many years. Clutch size varies with latitude, weather, and food supply, but generally, are two or three eggs. When prey is available, nesting begins earlier in the year; in leaner years, nesting is later and sometimes owls will not lay eggs during very poor years. Stan Tekiela Author / Naturalist / Wildlife Photographer / Getty Images Conservation Status Great horned owls are long-lived birds, known to live a typical 13 years in the wild, and have been known to live as long as 38 years in captivity. Their biggest threats come from the activities of human beings, who shoot and trap owls, but also build high-tension wires and run into owls with their cars. Owls have few natural predators but are occasionally killed by members of their own species or by northern goshawks, a species that often battles with the owls for available nesting sites. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classifies the great horned owl as Least Concern. Sources Armstrong, Aaron. Eagles, Owls, and Coyotes (Oh My!): Taphonomic Analysis of Rabbits and Guinea Pigs Fed to Captive Raptors and Coyotes. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 5 (2016): 135–55. Print.Bubo virginianus. BirdLife International. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T61752071A132039486, 2018.  Newton, Ian. Chapter 19: Irruptive Migrations: Owls, Raptors and Waterfowl. The Migration Ecology of Birds. Ed. Newton, Ian. Oxford: Academic Press, 2007. 563–86. Print.Smith, Dwight G. Wild Bird Guides: Great Horned Owl. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books, 2002.

Bureaucratic organizational structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Bureaucratic organizational structure - Essay Example Inside each organization, there exist a wide range of regulations and procedures, which every member should adhere. Inside bureaucratic organization, every process has a structure, the roles have targets, the productivity of team is monitored and there is a design of different solutions. However, it is complicated to abide rules, follow certain policy, perform job properly and achieve common goals if the personnel do not take active part in life of organization, cannot make its own decisions concerning work and does not see or know its role in the team. To enable its employees to make decisions about their job, organizations use such strategy as employee empowerment. It helps employees to take responsibility for the results of their performace, helps them to serve customers at the proper level of the organization. The process of empowerment enables or authorizes person to think, behave, make decisions, take action and control its work without constant supervision and management from the other sides. The organization is responsible for creation of proper work environment for the employee that will help him/her to bring up the ability and want to perform its job in empowered ways. It is up to organization to remove limitations that stop staff acting in empowered ways. Such management actions give possibilities for work in the perfect organization. The important step for empowering employees is to demonstrate that the organization values its people, helps them understand and feel as if they are part of something bigger and their indivi dual job is highly appreciated. This may be executed letting employees access to the organization's vision, mission and strategic plans.

BUSINESS ETHICS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

BUSINESS ETHICS - Essay Example First, it is necessary to define the issues and explain why they are ethically controversial. Second, one is to identify the stakeholders and explain whose interests are at stake and what kind of interests those are. Third, one is to clarify the ethical values and see what relevant values are in the organization’s Code of Ethics and what moral standards and principles are relevant. To resolve the issue we should understand how organizational values and moral standards can be applied and what impact the resolution may have on the stakeholders. However, it is not enough simply to offer resolutions; they must be made a reality. Implementation of resolutions requires a certain plan of actions, monitoring of the outcomes and assessment of success. Tesco is Britain’s largest retailer occupying 30 percent of the market share. It is followed by Sainsbury’s and Asda Wal-Mart. All the three corporations have similar ethical problems associated with their monopolistic position in the market and low-cost marketing strategy. Tesco is also well-known for its diversification strategy. Their corporate strategy is â€Å"an inclusive offer†, which refers to the company’s ambition to appeal to customers with upper, medium and low income in the same stores. As David McCarthy, Citigroup retail analyst put it, â€Å"Theyve pulled off a trick that Im not aware of any other retailer achieving. That is to appeal to all segments of the market† (Liptrot 2005). This diversity is expressed even in Tesco’s own brand products, verifying from the up-market â€Å"Finest† to a low-price â€Å"Value†. The diversification is used in the firm’s six UK store formats, differentiated by size and ra nge products on sale. Initially specializing in food, the company entered such areas of businesses as clothes and consumer electronics, selling and renting DVDs, CDs and music downloads, as well as Internet service Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 17 Business Ethics - Essay Example The fact that the decisions of Nardelli have secured the firm’s success is not enough for justifying potential violations of ethics by Nardelli, if such case is proved to exist. Nardelli was appointed as the leader of Home Depot in 2007 (Kavilanz 2007). Nardelli introduced an important change in Home Depot: he supported discipline in regard to all aspects of the business (Kavilanz 2007). Many employees were opposed to this practice as they preferred the leadership style of the firm’s previous leader: Bernie Marcus (Kavilanz 2007). Marcus was quite friendly with employees, a fact that allowed him to establish strong links with staff in all business department; however, as the company was expanded the above practice of Marcus would have to be changed (Kavilanz 2007). The appointment of Nardelli as the firm’s leader was related to a new era for the firm: discipline was set as a priority in regard to all parts of the business (Kavilanz 2007). Nardelli kept a distance from staff at least when having to deal with employees at group level (Kavilanz 2007). Gradually, employees who preferred the leadership style of Marcus left the company, a fact that had not affected the growth of the business (Kavilanz 2007). Still, the leadership style of Nardelli, being characterized by ‘no flexibility and autonomous management’ (Kavilanz 2007) had to be changed in order for the firm’s performance to be kept at high levels, especially since the housing market had started to show signs of slowdown from 2007 onwards (Kavilanz 2007). Under such terms, the autocratic leadership style of Nardelli, being based mostly on ‘command and control’ (Nussbaum 2007) would have to be replaced by a more flexible, democratic leadership style; such leadership style would allow employees to express their creativity and enthusiasm, a fact that would lead to the improvement of employees-customers relationship (Nussbaum 2007). In order to evaluate the leadership style of Nardelli it